Objectives

To learn the –

• scientific method of Azolla cultivation
• benefits of azolla as a bio-fertilizer
• azolla harvesting and its use.

Methodology

• Collection of suitable azolla spp.
• Pre-inoculation Pond preparation and use of azolla seed.
• Harvesting the fresh azolla and field use.

Learning outcome

Students were able to learn –

• The importance of azolla as green manuring crop
• The skill of azolla cultivation
• The nutritive value of azolla
• Azolla as an allied sector for getting additional income.

Checking Azolla growth by the students

Harvesting of Azolla and learning its uses

Objectives

• To make the students learn the correct tilth required for land preparation.
• To acquaint the students, learn the method of layout for seed bed/nursery bed.

Methodology

• Selection of the field according to the crop
• Ploughing the field, disking, harrowing and levelling
• Removal of crop residues
• Levelling and plotting
• Final lay out and sowing

Learning outcome

• Understand the importance of ploughing and tilth required for various crops.
• Prepare the plots for direct sowing / transplanting/ nurseries.

Calculating the seed, labour and fertilizer requirement for specific crop

Student operating power tiller for land preparation

Students doing layout for crop planting

Objectives-

• To learn about stage of harvesting
• To acquire skill of harvesting
• To learn the skills of minimizing loss during different operations.

Methodology

• Assess maturity stage
• Cutting the mature panicles and straw close to the ground level
• Sun drying
• Bundling

Learning outcome:

• Students were able to learn the correct stage of harvesting paddy

Learned correct method of cutting tall indica paddy, its drying and   bundling process.

Paddy harvesting by students

Objectives:

• Estimation of growing stock in a forest.
• Assessing the commercial value

Methodology

• Measurement of tree diameterby caliper
• Measurement of tree diameter by measuring tape using the following formula.

DBH = GBH/π

• Measurement of tree diameter under bark (DUB)
• DUB is calculated by deducting twice the bark thickness (t) from diameter over bark.

D.U.B = D.O.B. – 2t

• The bark thickness is measured by Swedish bark gauge.

Learning Outcomes

• Learned to measure the tree diameter and bark thickness of forest trees.
• Learned the use of calliper and bark gauge.

Able to measure the tree volume and assess its commercial value

Marking at the breast height

Measurement of bark thickness by bark gauge

Measurement of tree diameter by Calliper

Measurement of tree girth by measuring tape

Objectives:

• To study factor-product, factor-factor and product-product relationship.
• To study the optimum use of input.
• To determine the cost of cultivation and production by using farm management data and various cost concept.

Methodology:

• Use of production function, optimization technique and cost minimization principle to do the analysis.
• Use of tabular, graphical and equations to get the result.
• Partial budget technique.

Learning Outcomes

• Students will learn the technique of optimum use of resource and cost of cultivation of crop and inform the same to farmer during RAWE.
• Able to know the economic feasibility of new innovation in agriculture

Acquaintance with factor-product relationship

Objectives

• To calculate the price spread.
• To study the demand and supply for determination of price.

Methodology

• Collection of data using mode method.
• Presentation of data in tabular form and percentage analysis.

Learning Outcomes

• Students were acquainted about MSP and function of several marketing institutions.
• Had an idea about practical importance of marketing channel, efficiency and share of various market functionaries in consumer rupees and inform the same to farmers.

Topic: Financial analysis of farm business and projects

Objectives

• To study various project evaluation technique.
• To prepare various financial statements and their use in preparation of project.

Methodology

• Calculation of financial ratio and interpretation.
• Use of NPV, IRR and BC ratio for evaluation of agricultural project.

Learning Outcomes

• Students experienced the preparation and utility of financial statements.

Developed decision making capacity building over selection of projects.

Visit to Ginning Mill, Gunupur

Visit to RMC, Gunupur

Objectives

• To study the application of MS-WORD and MS-POWERPOINT for creating, editing and presenting a scientific document.
• To study the use of MS-EXCEL for creating spreadsheet and statistical analysis.
• To study the use of MS-ACCESS to create the database, preparing queries and report.

Methodology

• Use of MS-Word for preparation of documents,
• Use of statistical tools, writing expressions, graph preparation and data analysis in MS-Excel.
• Use of MS-ACCESS to Preparing queries and report.

Learning Outcomes

• Students learnt the use of agriculture related database to develop analytics.
• Able to prepare scientific documents and reports.
• Learnt the data analysis procedure andgraphical preparation using MS-Excel.
• Experienced decision-making process to support agricultural activities.

Student practicing the use of MS-Office

Objectives:

• To make the students aware about the steps involved in method demonstration.

Methodology

• Planning and preparation.
• Introduction and presentation of subject matter.
• Demonstration using proper teaching aids.
• Evaluation.

Learning outcome

• Learnt the techniques of method demonstration.
• Grasped the art of coordinating and organizing method demonstration.

Able to demonstrate methods for any agricultural practices

Demonstration of line sowing

Demonstration on basin placement of Fertilizers

Objectives:

• To educate on how to prepare posters?
• To devise points and pictures required for poster preparation.
• To evaluate posters prepared by students.
• To increase student participation in the preparation of posters.

Methodology

• A- Attractive
• B- Brevity
• C- Clarity
• Get the right size
• Design the layout
• Select appropriate graphics and colours.

Learning outcome

• Learnt the technical know-how of preparing a poster.
• Able to know the appropriate colour selection for poster preparation.
• Grabbed the knowledge of presenting and evaluating a poster.

Preparation of Posters

Presentation of Posters

Objective:

• To prepare schedule required forvillagesurvey.
• Toidentify different problemsof a village.
• Toacceptchallengestowork with farmers.
• To get acquainted with ongoing Government schemes and programmes in the village.

Methodology

• Rapport building with farmers.
• Use of PRA tools.
• Collect information through personal interview schedule.

Learningoutcomes

• Familiarized with farmers real life situation.
• Developed communication skill.
• Improvement in practical knowledge
• Had knowledge about socio-economic condition of villagers.
• Understanding ongoing schemes and programmes in villages.

Information collection from farm women

Visit to farmers field for identification of problems associated with the crop

Objectives:

To utilize the preserved insects –

• For scientific studies
• For display e.g., moths & butterflies
• For food purpose e.g., white ants
• For extraction of medicines e.g., cantharidine oil from blister beetles
• For utilizing their products e.g., silk from silkworms, honey from honeybees, shellac from lac insects etc.

Methodology:

• By use of hand nets
• Hand collection of different stages of insects
• By shaking/jarring the plants
• From light traps

LearningOutcomes

• Learned the methods of collection of insects from different habitats
• Learned how to kill them without destruction of identifying characters
• Able to differentiate beneficial and harmful insects.
• Able to do the correct methods of pinning for drying insects
• Learned the method of preserving soft bodied insects

Insect pinning and preservation

Insect pinning and preservation1

Objectives

• To make the students learn the technique of Tricho-card fixation in the field
• To learn when to fix the cards

Methodology

• Leaf-clipping
• Bamboo peg utilization for fixing the cards when the plants are small and not able to bear the load of the card

LearningOutcomes

• Able to correctly pin it in plants
• Learnt the right time of fixing the cards
• Able to know the dose and frequency of release

Able to know the distance and height at which the cards are to be fixed

Release of egg parasitoids in the field

Objectives

• To make the students learn about the management of bee colony
• To acquaint the students handling bee boxes

Methodology

• Opening super and inspection
• Opening brood chamber and inspection
• Observation about occurrence of any bee enemies

Learning Outcomes

• Able to open the bee boxes
• Identified the bee enemies

Management of Apis cerana indica bee colony

Objectives

• To make the students learn about the correct method of insecticide solution preparation
• To acquaint the students learn about the correct spraying techniques

Methodology

• Measurement of right amount of insecticide
• Preparation of spray solution
• Filling the spray solution in the sprayer
• Spraying practice on the crop

LearningOutcomes

• Able to learn the correct methos of insecticide solution preparation
• Learnt about the safety precautions to be taken during spraying

Student learning spraying technique

Objectives

• To learn the methodology of pheromone trap fixation in the field
• To know about the timing of change of lure

Methodology

• Fixed the poles at correct distance in the field
• Hanged the pheromone traps and tied to the poles
• Lures are placed in the traps
• Lures are changed at fixed time interval

LearningOutcomes

• Learnt the technique of fixing lures in the pheromone traps
• Also learnt the height and distance at which pheromone traps should be fixed in the field crops
• Learnt the timing of changing lures in the trap

Installation of pheromone traps

Objectives:

• To learn different sterilisation techniques for explants preparation.
• To study the preparation of MS media for tissue culture.
• To study the procedure for micro propagation of different crops.

Methodology

• Collection of different explants
• Surface sterilization of explants.
• Preparation of suitable culture media.
• Multiplication of callus culture in aseptic condition

Learning Outcome

Learned-

• Method of plant propagule selection.
• different sterilisation techniques.
• media preparation with different concentration.
• Aseptic inoculation and multiplication technique.

Inoculation of leaf explants

Objectives:

To learn-

• the DNA extraction procedure
• basic techniques of isolation and purification of DNA.
• the principles and procedures of gel electrophoresis and fingerprinting.

Methodology

• Extracted DNA following CTAB method.
• Did gel electrophoresis and DNA visualization.

Learning outcome

• Understood the DNA extraction techniques from plant samples.

Learned about gel electrophoresis for species identification

Crushing of leaf for DNA extraction

Gel loading during electrophoresis

Objectives:

To determine –

• The moisture content of seeds.
• Effect of seed moisture content on storability of the seed.

Methodology

• Setting cup in digital moisture meter.
• Estimation of seed moisture following oven drying method.

L Learning outcome

Learned about-

• Different methods for seed moisture estimation.
• Role of seed moisture content in storage of seed.
• Predicting the suitability of the seed samples for certification and storage.

Setting cup in digital moisture meter

Setting cup in digital moisture meter1

Objectives:

• To determine the seed purity and germination percentage of seed sample.
• To know the identity of seed fractions and planting value of the sample.

Methodology

• Practiced operating seed purity work board.
• Performed germination test by different methods.

Learning outcome

Students learned

• to identify and separate different fractions of a seed lot.
• Different methods for germination testing.germination test as per ISTA classification.

Seed germination test in paper towel method

Seed germination test in petri-plate method

Objectives:

• Give an idea about permeable and semi-permeable membranes.
• Compare and contrast osmosis in hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.
• Study osmosis and plasmolysis in plants.

Methodology

• Preparation of potato osmometer manually.
• Preparation of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions.
• Observation of plasmolysed cell under microscope.

Learning outcome

Students –

• Knew about osmosis and plasmolysis and their role in cellular functions.
• Predicted the behaviour of a cell in hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.
• Got an idea about effect of this process in plant cell.

Practicing osmosis and plasmolysis

Objectives:

• To make the students learn about the method of vegetable nursery bed preparation.
• To acquaint the students raising healthy seedlings.

Methodology:

• Thorough ploughing
• Removal of clods, pebbles and weeds etc.
• Laying out the raised nursery beds.
• Soil disinfection done by fumigation.

Learning Outcome:

Able to know-

• The correct tilth required for nursery bed preparation.
• method ofweed, pebbles and crop residues removal by chemical as well as manual methods.
• soil disinfection methods.
• The advantages of raised nursery bed preparation.

Raising nursery bed in shade-net

Objective

• To make the students learn the technique of transplanting saplings.

Methodology

• Field ploughed and brought to a proper tilth, then levelled.
• Recommended dose of FYM and chemical fertilizers were applied.
• After mixing them in soil line drawing was done.
• Planting of seedlings was done during evening hours followed by capping in the morning hours.

Learning Outcomes

• Students learnt the correct method uprooting seedlings from nursery.
• Learnt how and when to plant seedlings in the main field.
• Learnt different intercultural operations carried out in field.

Transplanting of saplings

• To make the students learn the processes of preparation of potato chips.
• To learn the methodology of packaging the products.

Methodology

• Potatoes were cleaned and peeled properly. They were made into slices by using knife and slicer.
• Slices are blanched properly.
• Blanched pieces are dried in shade/sun.
• After that they are brought for deep frying in oil.
• For flavouring of chips different combination of spices were added to it.
• Chips were then sealed in polyethylene packets.

Learning Outcome

• Able to learn the methods processing and value addition to potato

Packaging of potato chips

Objectives

• To make the students learn about collection of scion and preparation of rootstock.
• To acquaint the students’ learn the grafting techniques.

Methodology

• Suitable rootstock and scion selection
• Defoliation of selected scion
• A longitudinal cut of 3-4 cm was made on terminal portion of root stock.
• A similar wedge-shaped cut was made on lower portion of scion.
• After inserting the scion into rootstock graft union was tied with polyethylene strip firmly.

Learning Outcomes

Able to learn-

The method of softwood grafting. the precautions to be taken during grafting

Student Engaged in Softwood Grafting

Objectives

• To acquaint the students about value addition to excess produced tomato.
• To increase the self-confidence of students for self-employment.

Methodology

• Washing and cutting of tomatoes.
• Boiling tomatoes with water and collection of pulp.
• Addition of spice bag.
• Measurement of TSS and judging of end point.
• Bottling and capping.

Learning Outcomes

Learnt the-

• technique of sauce preparation.
• the process of packaging.
• management of storage disorders.
• different problems encountered during sauce preparation.

Preparation of Tomato sauce

Objectives:

• To collect representative soil sample
• To attain randomization of soil sampling
• To know about the proper techniques to handle tools used for soil sampling

Methodology:

• Following zig-zag manner for collection of soil sample.
• Observed necessary precautions at the time of soil sampling.

Learning Outcomes:

• Students learned proper soil sampling methods in different land situations.
• Learned handling of different equipment’s and tools used in soil sample collection.

Quartering of the Soil Samples Collected

Soil sample collection from surface soil

Objectives:

• To determine the reaction (pH) of soil sample.
• To determine the electrical conductivity of soil sample.
• To determine the texture of soil sample.

Methodology:

• Analysis of soil pH by using pH meter.
• Analysis of soil salinity by using EC meter.
• Analysis of soil texture by using bouyoucos hydrometer method.

Learning Outcomes:

• Students learned the correct methodology of estimating soil physico-chemical properties.
• Also knew about different problems soils i.e., acidity, alkalinity, salinity
• Identified the texture of soil and learned to impose suitable management practices.
• Learned selecting suitable crops depending upon textural class and properties of soil i.e., potato in sandy soil, paddy in saline soil.

Estimation of Soil pH using digital pH meter

Soil textural analysis using hydrometer

Objective:

• Preparation of compost from various farm and kitchen wastes available in the University campus.

Methodology:

• Followed aerobic and anaerobic methods of organic waste decomposition.

Learning Outcome:

• Learned generating eco-friendly source of nutrient for the crops utilizing the farm wastes.
• Income generation from Agro-waste recycling.Increasing awareness towards organic agriculture.

Filling of Compost Pit with Agricultural Wastes

Mud Plastering of Compost Pit for Anaerobic Decomposition of Organic Wastes

Objectives:

To study about movement of water through the air-soil interface.

Methodology:

vInstallation of double ring infiltrometer in the soil by hammering.

vMeasurement of infiltration rate of standing water.

Learning Outcome:

vStudents can understand the storage and transmission of water in soil profile.

vTo know about the rate of infiltration of rain water and irrigation water.

vTo understand the redistribution and seepage loss of water in soil profile.

Topic: Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon

Objectives:

• To determine the oxidizable organic carbon content of soil.
• To categorize the soil according to their organic carbon status.

Methodology:

• Wet oxidation following Walkley and Black method.

Learning Outcomes:

• To manipulate the external application of various organic matter sources.
• To evaluate overall soil health.

Objective:

• To learn the procedure of preparation of Bordeaux mixture.

Methodology:

• To prepare 1 % Bordeaux mixture 10g CuSO4 mixed in 500 ml of water.
• Likewise, 10g of Calcium hydroxide mixed in 500 ml of water.
• Both the solutions are mixed to a third container.
• Presence of excess copper is tested by dipping a knife into the solution.
• If the knife blade shows a reddish-brown colour add more lime till the blade is not stained on dipping.

LearningOutcomes:

• Student knew about the method of preparation and application of Bordeaux mixture.
• Learnt to protect orchard crops and garden plantations from important diseases by its application.

1% Bordeaux mixture solution

Preparation of Bordeaux mixture

Objective:

• Treatment of seeds with chemical fungicides to prevent seed borne fungal disease.

Methodology:

• Two grams of carbendazim 50% wettable powder weighed.
• One kg of desired seed material weighted.
• Carbendazim 50% WP was mixed thoroughly with the seeds.
• Treated seeds were sown within 3 days of treatment.
• In pulses and oil seeds, chemical seed treatment andbiofertilizer treatment are mutually exclusive.

LearningOutcomes

• Able to know the usefulness of seed treatment in controlling seed borne diseases of field crops.
• Students were able to grab the methodology of dry seed treatment/ wet seed treatment.
• Learned that chemical and biological seed treatments are incompatible.

LearningOutcomes

• Able to know the usefulness of seed treatment in controlling seed borne diseases of field crops.
• Students were able to grab the methodology of dry seed treatment/ wet seed treatment.
• Learned that chemical and biological seed treatments are incompatible.

Chemical seed treatment

Objective

• To acquire knowledge on biological control of seed borne plant pathogens byTrichoderma formulations.

Methodology

• A slurry of Trichoderma was made by little quantity of water.
• Mixed thoroughly with 1kg of seed.
• Dried under the shade and sown in the afternoon hours.

LearningOutcomes

• Students were trained on benefits of biocontrol of seed borne plant pathogens.
• Able to know the correct method of seed treatment with bio-agents and the timing of planting seeds.
• Understood that chemicals and bioagents are mutually exclusive.

Biocontrol of seed borne plant pathogens

Objective:

• Confirmation of bacterial pathogen association with tomato wilt through ooze test.

Methodology:

• Root portion was cut from tomato plant freshly wilted.
• Cut stem base immersed in clean water in a test tube.
• Oozing from the cut portion was observed.
• Water becomes turbid on oozing from the cut end.
• Confirmation of bacterial association.

LearningOutcome:

• Learnt easy method of differentiating fungal wilt from bacterial wilt.

Bacterial ooze test

Objectives:

• To study the method of thermal solarization of soil for management of soil
  microbes, pests, weeds and nematodes.

Methodology:

• Soil of the nursery bed was ploughed thoroughly maintaining a moisture level of 70 per cent.
• A transparent polyethylene sheet was covered tightly over the soil.
• Soil was covered for a period of 6 weeks.
• Polyethylene sheet was removed and seeds sown.

Learning Outcomes:

• Students learnt a low-cost ecofriendly method to get rid of soil borne pests.

Soil Solarisation

Objectives:

• To study the different components of diesel and petrol Engine –
• Learn the function and working principles of two stroke and four stroke engines.
• Familiarize about different systems of Engine and tractor.

Methodology:

• Showed cut section of engine through models
• Used video, you-tube clips to explain function and working principles.
• Used charts & models to explain different engine systems.
• Learning Outcomes
• Students learned different parts of both petrol and diesel engine.
• Understood the mechanism of power-driven engines.

Demonstration of 4-stroke IC Engine

Two stroke IC Engine model

Objective

• To acquaint the students with tractor, power tiller driving and hitching of implements.

Methodology

• Physically drove the tractor
• Hitching of implements to tractor and power tiller.

Learning Outcomes

• Learned about various parts of tractors, power tillers, their functions and operations.
• Developed the operating skills of tractor and power tiller.

Educating Student on Tractor Driving

Operation of Power Tiller by Student

Objective

• To acquaint the students about different types of soil erosion in the drainage basin.

Methodology

• To identify sheet, rill, gully and ravine erosions.
• To differentiate rill erosion and gully erosion under variation in size of channel.

Learning Outcomes

• Developed knowledge about reclamation of rill and sheet erosion in agriculture field.
• Studied the applicability of different gully erosion control structures.

Identification of Different Types of Erosion

Objectives

• To familiarize the student about different levelling devices.
• To identify parts of Auto level.
• To prepare contour map by direct and indirect method.

Methodology

• Field was divided into number of small square plots.
• Made representative points at the centre of each plot.
• Determined the reduced level of each representative points on the ground.
• Then drawn the contour map.

Learning Outcomes

• Students were aware about different leveling devices.
• Developed learning skill for preparation of contour map
• Familiarized handling different levelling devices.

Students Engaged in Contour Survey